τὸ ἀνάγνωσμα
Κυδραῖος· Ζαφόν, ἆρα ἐγρήγορας ἢ καθεύδεις; ἐμὲ νῦν δεῖ ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς τὸ διδασκαλεῖον.ἕως πορευόμεθα, μανθάνωμεν τοὺς ἀριθμούς πρὸς δέκα·
ἀριθμοῦμεν δ' οὕτως·
εἷς, μία, ἑν
δύο
τρεῖς, τρία
τέτταρες
πέντε
ἑξ
ἑπτά
ὀκτώ
ἐννέα
δέκα
So far in the readings you have encountered the prepositions
(προθέσεις) ἐν ("in," 1687), ἐκ or ἐξ ("from, out from," 1688), and ἐπί
("on, toward," 1689). This passage contains several other
prepositions: εἰς ("into," 1686), ἀπό
("out of, from," 1684), περί
("around," 1693), ὑπέρ
("over," 1697), διὰ
("through," 1685), and πρὸς
("toward, to," 1695). Observe closely the cases each
assigns to the objects, i.e., the words that follow the
prepositions. (The links, in the form of four-digit numbers, are
to sections in A Greek Grammar for Colleges by
Herbert Weir Smyth, where you can read more about the
prepositions. The links under the heading "Gram." in the list of
vocabulary words will also take you to sections of Smyth's
grammar.)
ἕως is a conjunction, i.e., it connects two phrases, and indicates temporal relationship between the clauses. In this context it means "while," but in other situations it can also mean, "until."
εἷς, μία, ἑν are the Greek words for "one," which functions as an adjective and will assume a form for each of the genders and cases. Of course, it only appears in singular forms. τρεῖς, τρία the Greek words for "three" also decline according to gender and case. The forms for the masculine and feminine genders are the same. τρεῖς, τρία are, naturally, always plural. The other numbers do not decline.※ Green background color indicates core vocabulary.
| Nouns (τὰ ὀνόματα) |
English Definition | Dict. | Gram. | Author |
| διδασκαλεῖον | school, place of instruction τὸ διδασκαλεῖον the school
(neuter, nominative, singular)
εἰς τὸ διδασκαλεῖον into the school (neuter, accusative, singular, object of the preposition εἰς) |
LSJ |
231 | Xen |
| μέρος | part τὸ μέρος the part (neuter,
nominative, singular)
τῶν ἄλλων μέρων of the other parts (neuter, genitive, plural) |
LSJ |
264 | Her Xen |
| θύρα |
door
τῆς θύρας of the door
|
LSJ | 216 | Xen Her |
| αὐλή |
courtyard ἡ αὐλή the courtyard
εἰς τὴν αὐλήν into the courtyard (feminine, accusative, singular, object of the preposition εἰς) περὶ τῆς αὐλῆς around the courtyard (feminine, genitive, singular, object of the preposition περί) ὑπὲρ τὴν αὐλήν over (i.e., on the other side) the courtyard (feminine, accusative, singular, object of the preposition ὑπέρ) |
LSJ |
216 | Her |
| τοῖχος |
wall ὁ τοῖχος the wall
ἐν τῷ τοίχῳ in the wall (masculine, dative, singular, object of the preposition ἐν) |
LSJ |
264 | Her |
| πύλη |
gate, door ἡ πύλη the gate
αἱ πύλαι the gates (feminine, nominative, plural) τὰς πύλας the gates (feminine, accusative, plural) |
LSJ |
216 | Her |
| θυρίς |
window ἡ θυρίς the window
θυρίδες windows |
LSJ |
257 | |
| φῶς |
light τὸ φῶς the light
|
LSJ | 258 | Her Xen |
| ἥλιος |
sun ὁ ἥλιος the sun
τοῦ ἡλίου of the sun |
LSJ | 231 | Her Xen |
| οἴκημα |
room τὸ οἴκημα the small room
τὰ οἰκήματα the small rooms |
LSJ |
258 | Xen Her |
| ὁδός |
road, way, path ἡ ὁδός the road
ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ from the road (feminine, genitive, singular, object of the preposition ἐκ) |
LSJ |
231 | Xen Her |
| ἀριθμός |
number τοὺς ἀριθμούς the numbers
(masculine, accusative, plural)
|
LSJ |
231 | Xen Her |
| Adjectives (τὰ ἐπίθετα ὀνόματα) | English Definition | Dict. | Gram. | Author |
| ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο |
other |
LSJ | 287 | |
| μέγας,
μεγάλη, μέγα |
great, large | LSJ | 311 | Her |
| Pronouns (αἱ ἀντωνυμίαι) | English Definition | Dict. | Gram. | Author |
| ἐμέ |
me
(accusative, singular) |
LSJ | 325 | |
| αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό |
self;
he, she, it αὐτῷ to, for, or by him
αὐτῇ to, for, or by her αὐτοῖς to, for, or by them (male) αὐταῖς to, for, or by them (female) |
LSJ | 327 |
| Verbs (τὰ ῥήματα) |
English Definition | Dict. | Gram. | Author |
| ἐγείρω |
I awaken, rouse ἐγρήγορας you have awakened (2nd person,
singular, perfect, active, indicative)
ἐγρήγορα I have awakened (1st person, singular, perfect, active, indicative) |
LSJ |
383 | Xen Her |
| δέω |
I bind, tie, constrain δεῖ it constrains (me) --> it is
necessary (for me) --> I have to (3rd
person, singular, present, active, indicative)
|
LSJ |
385 | Xen Her |
| ἀπέρχομαι |
I go away, depart ἀπέρχεσθαι to go away, to depart
ἀπερχώμεθα we should go (1st person, plural, present, middle, subjunctive) ἀπερχόμεθα we go (1st person, plural, present, middle, indicative) |
LSJ |
383 | Her Xen |
| ἀσπάζομαι |
I greet ἀσπάζου greet (2nd person, singular,
present, middle, imperative
|
LSJ | 383 | Her Xen |
| διδάσκω |
I teach διδάξω I will teach (1st person,
singular, future, active, indicative)
|
LSJ | 383 | Her Xen |
| βαδίζω |
I walk,
go βαδίζωμεν let us walk, go
βαδίζομεν we walk, go |
LSJ | 383 | Her Xen |
| ἀνοίγνυμι |
I open ἀνοιγνύωμεν let us open (1st
person, plural, present, active, subjunctive)
|
LSJ |
418 | Her Xen |
| λάμπω |
I shine,
give light λάμπει he, she, or it shines, gives light
|
LSJ | 383 | Her Xen |
| πορεύω |
I convey, carry πορευώμεθα let us carry ourselves
--> let us journey (1st person, plural,
present, middle, subjunctive)
πορευόμεθαwe journey (1st person, plural, present, middle, indicative |
LSJ |
383 | Her Xen |
| μανθάνω |
I learn μανθάνωμεν let us learn
(1st person, plural, present, active, subjunctive)
|
LSJ |
383 | Her Xen |
| Adverbs (τὰ ἐπιρρήματα) | English Definition | Dict. | Gram. | Author |
| νῦν |
now |
LSJ | ||
| οὕτως |
in this
way |
LSJ |